Publications

AI + Large Language Models for Emergency Care

Work focused on leveraging AI/LLMs to extract meaning from unstructured EHR data, improve clinical reasoning support, and reduce documentation burden.

  • Comparing computable structured phenotype- versus large language model-identification of opioid use disorder using electronic health record data. medRxiv. 2025. Molina M, et al.
  • Physician- versus Large Language Model-Generated Summaries in the Emergency Department. medRxiv. 2025. Golchini NB, et al.
  • When the Domain Expert Has No Time and the LLM Developer Has No Clinical Expertise: Real-World Lessons from LLM Co-Design in a Safety-Net Hospital. arXiv. 2025. Kothari A, et al.
  • ER-REASON: A Benchmark Dataset for LLM-Based Clinical Reasoning in the Emergency Room. arXiv. 2025. Mehandru N, et al.
  • Exploration of Electronic Health Record Patterns of Emergency Physicians—Charting the Digital Burden. JAMA Network Open. 2024. Rotenstein LS, Molina M.

Opioid Use Disorder + Integrated Social-Addiction Care

Work advancing identification of OUD and understanding how social needs and addiction care intersect in ED practice.

  • Comparing computable structured phenotype- versus large language model-identification of opioid use disorder using electronic health record data. medRxiv. 2025. Molina M, et al.
  • Characterizing emergency clinician engagement with social drivers of health data among patients with opioid use disorder. medRxiv. 2025. Molina M, et al.

Social Drivers of Health: Screening, Documentation, and Implementation

Work describing the national landscape of ED social needs screening/documentation and building the evidence base to strengthen implementation.

  • Documentation of Adverse Social Drivers of Health in US Emergency Departments. JACEP Open. 2025. Molina MF, et al.
  • Screening and Response for Adverse Social Determinants of Health in US Emergency Departments. JAMA Network Open. 2025. Molina MF, et al.
  • Implementing Social Determinants of Health Screening in US Emergency Departments. JAMA Network Open. 2025. Loo S, Molina M, et al.
  • Assessing Implementation of Social Screening Within US Health Care Settings: A Systematic Scoping Review. JABFM. 2023. Marchis EH, et al.
  • Patient and Patient Caregiver Perspectives on Social Screening: A Review of the Literature. JABFM. 2023. Brown EM, et al.
  • Prevalence of Emergency Department Social Risk and Social Needs. West J Emerg Med. 2020. Molina MF, et al.
  • Patient and Community Organization Perspectives on Accessing Social Resources from the Emergency Department: A Qualitative Study. West J Emerg Med. 2020. Samuels-Kalow ME, Molina MF, et al.
  • Learning From the SIREN 2025 National Research Meeting. Health Services Research. 2025. Gottlieb LM, et al.
  • Social Risk Factor Documentation in Emergency Departments. Ann Emerg Med. 2023. Molina MF, et al.

Equity, Bias, and Vulnerable Populations in the ED

Work focused on disparities in treatment, structural inequities, and improving equitable care delivery for marginalized populations.

  • Racial Disparities in Emergency Department Physical Restraint Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2023. Eswaran V, Molina MF, et al.
  • Evaluating the Feasibility and Effectiveness of an Interdisciplinary Verbal De-Escalation and Implicit Bias Check Training for Agitation Management in the Emergency Department. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2025. Carreras Tartak JA, et al.
  • Physician Perceptions of the Evaluation and Management of Incarcerated Patients in the Emergency Department. J Emerg Med. 2025. Suh M, et al.
  • A multi-site assessment of emergency staff knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding care for incarcerated patients. Am J Emerg Med. 2024. Suh M, et al.
  • Long COVID Illness: Disparities in Understanding and Receipt of Care in Emergency Department Populations. Ann Emerg Med. 2025. Rodriguez RM, et al.
  • Applying crisis standards of care to critically ill patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: Does race/ethnicity affect triage scoring? JACEP Open. 2021. Molina MF, et al.
  • Racial Equity in Crisis Standards of Care—Reassuring Data or Reason for Concern? JAMA Network Open. 2021. Cleveland Manchanda EC, Molina MF, et al.
  • The Patient Perspective: Receiving Care in the Post-ACA Era. J Health Disparities Research and Practice. 2017. Molina M, Briggs-Malonson M.

Pragmatic Trials + Access to Preventive and Evidence-Based Care

Work using real-world ED-based strategies (including trials) to improve access to prevention and treatment.

  • COVID-19 Booster Vaccine Messaging in Emergency Departments: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Network Open. 2025. Molina MF, et al.
  • Emergency Department Survey of Vaccination Knowledge, Vaccination Coverage, and Willingness to Receive Vaccines… MMWR. 2025. Rodriguez RM, et al.
  • Rates of Recommended Shingles Vaccination and Interest Among Emergency Department Patients: A Multicenter Study. Ann Emerg Med. 2025. Gottlieb M, et al.
  • Promotion of Influenza Vaccination in the Emergency Department. NEJM Evidence. 2024. Rodriguez RM, et al.
  • COVID-19 Booster Vaccine Hesitancy in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med. 2023. Molina MF, et al.
  • Contingency management to promote smoking cessation in people experiencing homelessness: Leveraging the EHR in a pilot, pragmatic randomized controlled trial. PLOS ONE. 2022. Molina MF, et al.
  • Analysis of Emergency Department Encounters Among High Users of Health Care and Social Service Systems Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Network Open. 2022. Molina M, et al.